Foam forming apparatus



Feb. 3, 1948. w. KUBACKI EI'AL FOAM FORMING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 6, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENT emorrcs a1 eA azac/ 4 Feb-3, 194s. w. KuBAC h-m 9 FOAM FORMING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 6, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I 1Z4- INV R Q/MQW Feb. 3, 1948. w. KUBACKI ETl'AL 2,435,449

I FOAM FORMING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 6, 1944 s Sheets-Sheet a I 260' 27 I /zi2 (Z13 a Z 2.9.3 211 222 22a 2 26 225 Z62 Z62 w /fll4 Patented Feb. 3, 1948 at as-A49 FOAM romumo APPARATUS fj' Wallace Kubacki, Reading, andRadcliflie Morris .Urquhart; Wayne, Pa.; said Kubackiassignor tosaid- Urquhart pfApplieation December 6, 1944; Serial No. 566,918

' 2- Claims. (01; 261-76) This inventionconeerns. apparatus for making light-bodied. cellular masses. for. use in...foam

bathing, the laundering of sheer. textiles,- the controlof insects by..retarded drying of insecticide sprays, and varied other uses.

Foams and .frothshave been madeby envelop ing gasin a liquidby chemical reaction'or .by ontraining the. gas through mechanical disturbance Lot the liquid. Among, the means utilized for me- ..chanical entrainment. are beating as with an egg, beater or. other mechanical. beating means,

.. Hagitati-ng astwith a flowiof compressed gas, charging as withdissolved gasesliberatedupon a reduction of pressureor increase of temperature or 4 by. shock land variations .thereof such as .Jboilin to.,produce a-compressedwvapor.which subse I quently agitates the boiling liquid.

Each of the aforementionedmodes of producing mechanical. foam has inherent limitations as to the-quantity orquality of foam that canbe made from a given amount of'foamaceous liquidl. Thus, mechanical beating generally is, not conducive to generating large quantities ofefoam; for thin walled bubbles are'broken down unless they'can be transported. quickly-from the beating zone. On the other hand,'boiling generally gives large bub bles, but these readily disintegrate. Further, both these methods are .relatively costly in the work foam bathing whenliroduced in any ofthe foam generating devices. hitherto known. -Furthf l, the

costof thestabilizer would preclude the use of -any such ratios for foambathing except as. the extreme ofnovelty.

- Disregardingathe, a1most.,,,non-existent use of known apparatus especially developed for, provducing.foambathst theaverage person of today is limitedsto generatingioam by pouring a small quantityv of soapy pfiowdertorl liquidor some foam producing. oil preparation in a, bathtub and beating the sametwithlaforceful stream of water from the spigot. Notwithstanding all the patents concerning foam production and even the large number thereof, specificallywconcerned. with foam bathing, the above described and exceedingly crudemethod isp f-incipally used.

. It is because of-ithelimited quantity of. foam obtained, its highly, perishable. nature, the messiness involved-with the use of. the aforedescribed crude method and, defects of..other suggested schemes. thatQfoambathslhaye. not enjoyed a wider popularity. Among the. reasons. for the unsatisfactorynature of such prior foambaths are thatthepowdered soap preparations donot dissolve instantaneously; often are driven back 'bythewater discharge to the-rear of the tub and required for foamproduction and in the'nature .and maintenance of the .equipmentrequired. Ob- .yiously, charging requires costly pressure vessels whoseliquid. and dissolved gas content islimited,

thereby precluding. continuous. foam. production. Therefore, the'deliberate production. of mechanical foam today largely is restricted to use of a hydraulic stream'subjected toximpingement or other forms' of dispersion or to usaof a high pressure gaseous stream sufiicient toagitate or disperse the ioamaceous liquid fortheproduction of large volumes of foam in continuous. fashion.

' One of the principal uses of foam produced in thelast mentioned way is for the extinguishing j of fires. Such foamgenerally'is formed by. dis

persing a'hydraulicstream and has aheavy'body composed of.'uniformly distributed fine-grained "-bubblesflf "Ihe 'f-oamaceous. liquid employed consists usually of about ninety parts of waterfand .ten parts of a suitable stabilizer which retards the disintegration of the bubbles.v When'diluted down to but 2 3' parts "stabilizer, thefoa'm produced generally is too Watery to beef any value, being a 'scummy mass. of irregularly=sized bubbles in meager quantity. Howevergneither the" ten part nor the 2-"-3 part'-stabilizerfoamaceous liquids "-yield'light bodied'foams as usually aredesired for I form a-flakycake-y-and are not suitable for use with hard water or. sea water. The 'liquidsoap preparations 1ikewise-; yield1limited quantities of foam in hard or; sea=-,water, and:this foam tends todisintegrateyeryra-pidlyr "However, their better ability to dissolve readily in' ordinary water results in a more and more diluted foamaceous liquid as the: tub fillsand 'rapid dilution to such =1ow concentration of: stabilizer that only 'very large andreadily perishable bubbles areformed.

It is, accordingly; the primary object of this invention to-providean-apparatus able-to produce 7 light bodied foams in simple and inexpensive fashion never before effected. 'We do this by an I apparatuswhich combines the action ofdrawing an ordinary'bath with the resulting beating action and the efficiency of foam productionof hydraulic stream dispersing nozzles to produce copious volumes of exceedingly better quality, long lasting, and more-suitable foam for foam or bubble baths at low cost.

It is another major object of this invention to provide a simple and inexpensive foam producing nozzle utilizing-ratios; of stabilizer to liquid in proportions of 1 part to 200 or more which Will yield relatively stable light-bodied foams in tremen- ,dous quantitiescapable oi-filling an ordinary bath mtineiuded anglesmi one hundred degrfisaor; less o!:lower.conei2;- theifrictional: lossa-is' notaexces- ,aspirating; action'of thehighly dispersedastream drawing air through holesi! but ,also by the libi from-,aslittleYas onepart foamaceous matter to -suresioolproof operation by even" themost inexperienced usersz All that is r'equiredis-that it proper1y directedonto *a'liquid surface-or aliquid Y covered-surfaces The'only requisite isthat bore compensate for thezreduction ofaimpingement efie"ct through'increasedvturbulence of= flowifrom thejet holes;:especially when low;lengthz.diameter hundredeighty degrees or. more are nottaszsatisfactory as ones specificallyxchosenzrto have im- *w-ithin the length of tubea44 of member 49*. It:

- discharge therefrom to avoid extremei splashing --:chamber l-4"and cup 42: softeners; medi- --'-.-mixin'g with, say; water flowing ifromjetholes 24 4 mate mixing offo'amaceousmaterial .flowingirom ;s'- cup42 through bore 2610f chamber sue-with the and beatsiliquid plane 99.

3. ioam-:-production,. is.that.it has beenifound that v the inonfoamaceous liquid and ,the diluted .persed .toraerate the same and subsequently iorce- V quantities of gasand'which' servesto transport rpreserve the 'same'from mechanical disintegraeven though it is extremely simple and inexpensi-ve to manufacture'.--= Further, thevery-simplicity -r si-veI::despitethe :coneentratedsimpingement efi fected therebyai gAs the'included angle of thescone bore-li he,- cloggembyzioreignsmatterdroppedrinto is -increasedwbeyond 100;:degrees; themelocity of 6 eupz42giit is'i'az simplezmattersto use ial'pipe cleaner the discharged: streams-generally; can bey-aug- 1 r otheraprobe toirclean the same inasmuclnas it mented by decreasing the size of 'jetzholes-:24 to aisismostireadilytaccessible.

Whether end 60 of tube 44'-is -.exposed"tot the e;- -atmosphere: or immersed inrliquidistofxrelatively 1U) little moment; ethough finer: graine'deioam is iet -hole-proportions are iemployedt'w Thus; the a-vzixqformedwhen immersiomis effected. :This follows degreeof'dispersion can be controlledithroughout since aireis-zayailable foraaerating the:;dispersed -wideranges of included angle ocone-22;zand we oanraeeousrliquid cbyaeitherumethod aszwellz'as a do not :limit ourselves .to use of-any:'*pa1= ticular wetted'ii'on iiquidwshoclrplanep Weattribute. the included angle, though those approximating; one v fineregrain of foamproducedby immersion of end rillfofatube flito thep-fact :that very large *bubbles undergo: mechanical subdivision in i being -:forced into and through theJiquidseaI. ,1 Naturallydiner grain'iof -ioamds -efiected onlyby some reduction 'in *total ifoam 13101111116; but such foam 1 has somepingement of the streams fromjet'holest'zlcoccur further: is preferable to have thelengthvtofetube 44 of member 40 sufiicient to'confine the-dispersed thereof. 4 foaniaoeollst-liquidiis continually=producing:sfoam -It'sh0uld be obvious that the :device can bet-used P in a localized zohe-iontransport away therefrom. as a proportioning means for. controlling the razte "ee This eliminatea theiinefllciency .of-pouring: conof: flow of different:substances-z supplied to jet centratediioamaceous matter under an; ordinary splgotmnly-to-.have the majority thereof-z quickly cants, etc; can besuppliedto cup 42 for intimate iibe driven away -from the beating-vzone:underisaid spigot by thedischarge therefrom. .=When,':-as is 1 ofchamber l4..--1 However, itisespeeially effective 30 for the-production of foams by virtue ;of the inti- -is-ioilowed; themeagenamount of :foam obtained is most irregular iri-texture; for -that' initially formed i-s scummyl du'e to the: excess concentratiori-of foamaceous-matter, and the rapid'dilution ot? the ioamaceous' charge so that only -a -small portion -thereof- 'ev'er has undergone event-:- any liouidvdischarged from jet holes '24 thereof-1 and :gaseous entrainment-occasioned not only-"by the 35 fu-l of? thewinherent foam' :forming properties enormqus gaseousienvelopment occasiDned by the thereof: Further; the -:extreme dilution experiheating-ofe the-forcefully"discharged. stream-from 40 enced by whatever -foamaceous matter circulates tube 44 upona -wettedor-liquid-surface totwhich I back under the waterdischarge from the=spigot said stream i directed and as is shown in Figure precludes production of any but the thinest walled --1-where the: discharge from tube 44 is directed on bubblesofi sueh largesizethat they drywithin a very brieftime and disintegrate almost immediately upon mechanical "contact with thebather -=-orany 'surf ace relative to which they' experience ,;,such foams.can produced. in'copious volume amoderateimpacti "--"Attention-=isdrawn to the fact that'the disvt -,seveml.Jrundred Ipartsofnon-foamaceous,"liquid charge' 6f --foamaceous matter-from -'cup 42 ...i.when suchmmatter is mixed'intimatelyiiwith "through-bore26 of jet chamber M-is progressively less-asthis matter is consumed because the pressure or head efl'ecting flow-from cup 42 through "borefiiof jet-chamber 14 depends'upon the-level of thei'oamaeeousmatterwithin cup 42. 55 n -especially advantageous when i the device is to be used to produce foam on a liquid plane Whichinitia'll-s has been established with a considerableg depth of ordinary water; for" use of the device progressively strengthens the foam- 69- aceous concentratiorr thereof; consequently; it is 'tion. Toithis end; the-device just described and possible 'to 'have the FfO'amaceOus material-in cup showwi'n-"Eigures *l'through 4= serves admlrably l iiischar'ge only at such 'a -rate as willaaug ment theioamac'eous content or the liquid in the :beat- 7 ing' zone toamii'oximate 1 some -=-predetermined 'the'reofipermits its=beinginade compactlwtoihave 55.1 strength ilve'n when the-device is-used-tozestab great-strength"(though of light weightkland asliSh its :own li'quid plane; this characteristic is of- -considerablevalue; for the initially formed roam: sufie'rsa less mechanical disintegration in he attached =to-a spigot; and: that it be::supplied wettihg the carrier therefor, such as a tub-bottom with 'wattzr-tlieretromand:that foamaceous ma't- "10 when mote highlyxrfortified with :foamaceous ter be poured into'c-up 42. Light-bodied foam will matter-palace the overall-beating timeissli'ghtly be for'med'whe'n the-discharge from. tube -44 is i ext'ended ito partially compensate for the fact that no nozzleis :capable:ofa'utilizing all: the inherent: foameproducing: properties- 0f anytifoam i aceoue matter in one briefheeting i-phasez How- :eration ofwdissolvedegases forzenvelopment and q Thacmx of the invention, as to itslight-i-bodie'd a-ifoamaceous liquid formed by said mixing is dis- .jjfully ,directed against a shockplane to liberate the dissolvedgases therein for envelopment and to create a wettedsurface. or liquid planewhich isj violently, beaten to enveloplarge additional the foam produced away fromthe beating zone to whatibetter lasting qualities because .it: dies more slowly; T Eitherssfway, .x=suitably proportioned I presently most commonly done, this latter. method crude blending and beating action is highly wastei avoid the extremely thin walled and very perish- 7 ever, to the last bit of sumed, the concentrationof foamaceous liquid in the beating zone still'is sufliciently large to able bubbles obtained when ordinary water is sprayed on the highly diluted foamaceous liquid as in preparing the aforementioned common type of bubble bath.

picted with the bead diameter larger than bore 2 50 of tube 44, no interference to the dispersed foamalceous matter 'conthisjet'to dilute the-same and, transportit to the major impingement zone "established by the converging'jets from jet holes I 24;that is,'. the

flow of fluid irombore-IZIi of tube I must of necessity mix intimately'i with anolbe dispersed with the flow of fluid from jetxchamber I I4 in any position of the nozzle. 1

Bent tube I20'hasduct I21 ing a configuration .I3I adaptedto coact' with the screw top I33 of a bottle I42 which can be removed from and replacedlintocoacting-relationship with shell .I I2 as desired. -Anannular stream flowing through, bore 50 is occasioned.

It should, however, be realized that the: device can be made of several separate parts suitably joined to achieve the same relationship and results. Likewise; the invention isnot'limited to any particular materials forconstruction of the same, it being well understood"that plastics, glass, light metal, and other substancescan be employed as desired. Nor isthe invention limitedto the particular dimensions depicted, certain of which are exaggerated and others ofwhichare reduced for purposes of illustration.

Referring toFigures 5 through 7,ithere is depicted another embodiment of our invention; namely, a nozzle designed for attachment to bath :I26 thereof'unless something is able to replace 't-he displaced liquid. For this purpose; we 'FDI'O- washer I32 in bottle fitting- I 29 serves to seal bottle I42 andshell II2- insleak-proof'rrelation.

while the coaction of fitting I23 and screw-top I33of bottle I42 fastens bottle I42 and shell I I2 together rigidly so that the'outer surface; I35 of bottle I42.may be used as a handle; by one employingthenozzle. '4 r It is obviousthat a liquid will not. flowlifrom bottle I42 through duct I21 of tube I20 and bore vide *vent tube I31 integral with shell H2 and having bore 133 extending throughout its'le'ngth to permit the flow of fluid outside shell. II2

' through bore I39 to emerge out end I4I of-1vent 30 tube I31, en-d I4I being deposed near the bottom 143 of bottle I42'asdepicted to facilitate the new spigots and the likebut also capable of port- H able use as aspray'gun' for the, application of foamaceous sprays or other sprays, including ordinary water, any of which can be fortified with such substances asmedicants, insecticides, de

'greasers, or various othersubstancesrwhich can be carried .by a fluid;

v This nozzle is shown including a rubberadaptor IIO which may be connectedtoi some source of fluid under suitable .pressureas spigot 98. Adaptor III! has a tight frictional grip around corrugations III of shell II2 to connect the shell with the adaptor in leak-proof, and non-slip fashion. Shell IIZ approximatesa bell like jetchamber H4 integralwith a cylindricaldrafttu-be 144 and separated therefrom by an integrarcone I22 pierced by jet holes ;I24 to-'function as cone 22 and jet holes 24 of-the embodiment of Figures of a gas through bore I39 when liquid is used as the charge within bottle I42. Furtherflvent tube I31 should be provided with a ibore I39 of suitable diameter to" preclude the formation of a liquid seal therein by even relatively viscous liquids as may be used to chargebottle 'I42.

Inasmuch as the device is intended to be used with rounded end I of draft tube I44ex'D'osed to theatmosp'hereand not immersed in i any liquid seal, we prefer to-pr'ovide' holes'l62' in tube I44 for the same purpose that holes '62's'erve in the previously discussed embodiment," It should be noted at this time that the device iscapable of mixing as many. as four difierentifluids simultm neously by having one fluid flow from bottle I42, 7

a. second from jet chamber II 4,1'athird from outside the device byemploying holes I62, a nd a fourth to receive the combined discharge thereof "from end I60 of jthe device; v It iurtherjshould "1 through 4 though a different pattern Of jet holes is depicted merely to illustrate another arrangement.

Bent tube, I20 is provided bore I26 and made integral with shell 2 to extend, therein with its lower end I2I a cylindricalsportion con- 1 centric with but separated by'an. annularclearance I23 from the cylindricaljshoulder of cone portion I22 of shel11I'I2.,- Thus-, high pres sure fluid fiowsxnot only througlrjet-holes I24 timately and subsequently dispersed; as hasbeen but also as a tubular jetthrough clearance I23 e to surround whatever fluid emerges, from bore I26 of tube I23 and confinethe same for eventual impingement by and complete dispersion with be noted that the diameter of bore o fitube I44 and the size and {number of holes lliz difier from that depicted inthe embodimentoi Figures 1 through 4, being dependent uponthe capacit :and physical construction ot the "device. r

To further facilitate theoperationiofthe device, when especiallyviscous liquids are placed in bottle I42, bore I26 oi tube I20 may lie'subjected to an educting action by having it, terminate within eylindricalshoulder I25 an appreciable distance-above the junction I45 of shoulder I25 ;;with cone portion.l22 of shell II2. 'Byproper proportioning of the aforementioned parts-it is the fluid emerging from jet holes I24 and clearance I23. By this. -arrangement,-it is assured that the fluid from bore ;.I,26; will be mixed indescribed, regardless of the angle to which the possible to have fluideduced from bottle-I42 as long'as it can drain from bottle I42 to duct I21 of tube I20 for supplying bore IZG-thereof as required. This is especially useful when'the device =is used to'spray objects with irregular contours such as animals, plants, etc., because fiuid-from bottle I42 is available for discharge inallbut a small portion of, spherical. sweep by the operator shell I I2 is moved from a vertical position, for the tubular jet from clearancev I23 will pick-up I any fluid from bore, I26 .of tube, I22, thatstrikes of the device. However, should-it, bedesired to use the device for discharge-,from; -bottle I42 throughout only a lowerhemisphereof sweep of leading to bore I 26 and draining} from thelower; lportionf-of a bottle fitting I29flintegralwith shell -I I2 and havassume draft tube -I44, as for the, purpose: of conserving fluid within bottle I42 when spraying horizontal objects such as rugs, floors, -etc.,=bore I 25 of tube V I2I of tube I to approximate the construction of the previously described embodiment, flowof fluid from bore I26 of tube I20 will be responsive mainly to gravitational forces as previously explained. I

The operation of this embodiment of the inven tion is-soobviously similar to thatof the previ-- ouslydescribed one as to require no further'explanation, the important differences already having, been'discussed. For foam=bathing, foama-= ceousmatter can be used in bottle -I42 and-the V spray-from tube I44 directed ona small portion of the liquidiplane in the tub or moved overthe entire liquid plane by having adaptor'IIO take-th form of a hose (not shown) attachedto spigot 38 and to corrugations I I I of'shell I I 2. Should more than one full charge of foamaceous matter bed esired, it is a simple matter to replace bottle I42 with another filledone. Likewise, vent tube bore I39 is as accessible'as bore 26 of the embodiment of Figures 1 through 4 for cleaning to make both embodiments equally fool-proof in operation. g

It should be obvious that anumber of different substances can be supplied in succession to bores 26 of I26 as' desired for discharge into the sa'me receptacle. Thus'I'a nonro'amaeeods medicant can thoroughly be mixed with other fluid to provide an initial liquid plane which subsequently may be beaten by a foamaceous discharge from the particular embodiment employed to have a medicated foam bath. Other variations are equally obvious.

Referring to Figures 8 through 10, there is depicted a third embodiment of the invention; namely, a nozzle in the form of a spigot like member for mounting above a coacting liquid plane as established in a common type of bath tub or the like.

In this embodiment pipe threads 2 are provided to attach spigot 2 I2 (which may contain a suitable cutoff plug not shown) to an ordinary water pipe 2I3 for supplying pressure water to chamber 2I4. Cylindrical draft tube 244 is provided with jet cone 222 welded therein and having jet holes 224 which function as cone 22 and jet holes 24 of the embodiment depicted in Figures 1 through 4. Draft tube 244 is shown as being integral with spigot member 2I2.

Tube 244 has holes 262 and rounded end 260 for the same purposes as holes I62 and end I60 are provided in the embodiment of Figures 5 through '7.

The upper portion of member 2I2 is fashioned to form a cup like boss 242 which serves as cup 42 of the embodiment of Figures 1 through 4. Tube 220 is integral with spigot 2I2 and has duct 22! which leads to bore 226.

Lower cylindrical portion 22I of tube 220 is separated by an annular clearance 223 from the cylindrical edge 225 of cone portion 222 of tube 244. This functions as the similar parts of the embodiment depicted in Figures 5 through 7. It should be noted that bore 226 lies considerably below the junction 245 of cone edge 225 with lower surface 293 thereof. Thus, fluid in bore 225 will be subjected to practically no educing action but will flow by gravity from within boss 242 to the impingement zonecreated bythe streams from" clearance 223 and jBl'rhOlGS-ZZIL Although clearance 223 virtually can be "eliminated' by having edge 225 ofcone 222 fit snuglyaround portion =2 2 I Of" tube 220, itis-preferable to utilize such a clearance'tofacilitate'assembly of cone 22-2- in member 2I2 by eliminating a possible slight interference were-cone 222 and tube 220 not perfectly axially aligned. ---For manufacturing-reasonsy it may bedesirableto-make tube 244 and tube 220 separatetobe-fastenedto spigotmember-2I2 in-some suitable-fashion though this arrangement- =is not shown; entailing only minor mechanical-:changesw Since-the term fluid as usedirithis specificatmm iymeane to l de on y gasesand -'liq'- uids but also such solids-ashave the pouring prop-J I: fifties liquid for example; granulated soap, p ded matter, crystalline matteryetc; and='- since'it maybe desired to facilitatethe flow there-=- 0f bit-partially oncompletely dissolving the same P ding a fluid carrier therefor o'r-possibl'y* forming arsolution by: contact-witha cakef-of p orithe like, we propose-in Fig r l o to use ableederjet emerging from'jet' hole' 240 in mem-' ber 2 I2 to-provide-a-suitably--predetermined flow of fluid-*tothe contents of -'boss=242 for eventualdrainage f-rom boss 242- to bore 226; In this man ner,-soap scrapsor nibs-(as shown in Figure 10) can be-placedirrsolution to salvage the same byusing theresulting soapy dischargefromtube=244 to wash dishes or for laundering purposes, the spigot-being advantageously= appliedto -sinks or laundry tubes as well as to bath tubs. Should it'be desired to draw only pure aerated water from spigot 2I2, an ordinary cork or the like in duct 221 would preclude any contamination thereof by possible drainage from boss 242. Equally simple means can be used to seal jet hole 240 should that be desired.

In all forms of the invention the spigot is mounted against wall 300 of tub 302 which is car ried by floor 304 and rests adjacent walls 303. In tub 302 is established liquid plane 99 either by the discharge from tube 44 or prior to operation of the device. As has previously been stated, the discharge from tubes 44 or I44 or 244 forms a steep cone whose outline is shown in Figure 1 as at 308. 'Liquid plane 99 being substantially at right angles thereto, an approximately circular beating zone 3|0 is established on that plane for the purposes previously specified.

From the foregoing and this additional disclosure, it can be seen that a practical reduction of what previously was stated to'be the crux of the invention is provided and that three different embodiments, each of which is especially advantageous for certain applications have been disclosed. It is to be understood that each of the disclosed embodiments can be applied to bath tubs as shown in Figure 1 and that the particular choice thereof depends primarily upon the type of tub installation available.

The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

I United States Letters Patent is:

2,43%;410 11 p '12-- What is claimed and desired to be Secured by m jets to the upper portion of thedrafttubei' r and means providing air inlet openings in said 1. An apparatus adapted to direct a mixture of upper portion of the draft tube; .i dilute foamaceous liquid and entrained gas against the surface of a body of liquid exposed 5 a *WAT-LACE A V to a gas to form a light bodied foam, comprising I t M R S URQUH an elongated tube adapted to be positioned verti- W 1. V e cally with its lower end open,a receptacle at T IREFERENCES CITED tached' t0 the D of t ubeand forming an ,The following "reierences are of record in the. iv integral portable unit with said tube, a drain file of t t t; I q from said receptacle communicating with said 7 m tube at its upper and central portion and-directed J UNITEDJSTATESBAT s substantially axially of said tube, means substan- Number Name p Date tially surrounding said drain and formingaseries 1,930,500 Archibald} of jets for discharging a liquid downwardly 1,837,135 Roberts through said tube,said Jets being directed so- 1,887,836; Eaber as tocconverge along the axis of said tube, means 11. 2,028,214 nnessy Q; Jan. 21, 1936 for supplying a liquideunder pressure for dis 1,346,236-

Waterhouse July 13, 1920 charge t rou h'said i tsand a series of-opem- 1,328,456 Ross Janp20, 19 20 ings in the walls of said tube below said-jets for 20 .-2,128,3 11 j Aug. 53 0, 1938 admission of air to the upper portion of said tube 1,380,665 j Lyste June 7, 1921, e ow Sa j I 1 2,231,782 Thompson Feb. 11, 1941 2. Aportable apparatus for producing foam 1,681,303- iParker Aug. 21, 1928 baths, comprising a receptacle for foam forming 1 757;1 40 p i May 1931i material; a draft tube below said receptacle and 5 2,003,154 5 Eriedrieh May 28, 1935 having an open bottom-end; means forming a 2,03 ,6 5 El1edr1chf Aug, 10,1937

passage connecting the bottom of said receptacle to the top of said tube; means forming a liquid Y-FOREIGN PATENTS Number cou try-y H "Date 7 1 I Supply chamber adjacent the top of said tube; g V A V p p I V p means adapted to connect said chamber-to a 505,083 Great Britain May 5, 1930 7 pressure water supply, said chamber having'a 434,931 7 'Great Britain- Sept. 11, 1935 c series of discharge passages operable to' deliver 305,030 Great Britain Jan.30,'1930 the water in downwardly converging and impinge -:i 435,979 Great Britain Oct. 2, 1935 

